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Clinical Observations and Research on Engagement in Weight Management Services

Clinical Observations and Research on Engagement in Weight Management Services

Obesity is an escalating issue in the UK, which currently has the highest obesity rate in Europe.

Approximately 27% of the adult population is classified as obese, contributing significantly to the primary care workload, with obesity associated with 44% of Type 2 diabetes cases, 23% of ischaemic heart disease cases, and 41% of certain cancer types. Notably, the prevalence of severe obesity, an important factor in reduced life expectancy, has doubled over the past decade, affecting approximately 2.6 million adults.

The current framework for obesity management in the UK consists of a four-tier model.

Tier 1 focuses on prevention and is managed by Public Health initiatives.

Tier 2 services are community-based, providing referrals to evidence-based lifestyle interventions such as Weight Watchers and the Counterweight Programme. Individuals in Tier 2 typically have a BMI of 28-35 and do not present with complex medical issues.

Tier 3 services represent a multidisciplinary specialist approach, available in community or secondary care settings. This tier caters to individuals with a BMI greater than 35 (or over 30 if they have diabetes) and complex medical conditions, offering pharmacotherapy, low-energy liquid diets, and pre- and post-bariatric surgery care. Tier 4 services, located within secondary care, focus on bariatric surgery.

Data on obesity rates are systematically collected by the National Audit Office, enabling monitoring of Tier 1 effectiveness. Additionally, the National Bariatric Database provides insights into bariatric surgery rates, patient characteristics, and surgical outcomes.

However, comprehensive data on Tier 3 services remain scarce, with information primarily available from only 4 of the 42 tier 3 clinics. Consequently, it is challenging to ascertain the availability of Tier 3 services across different regions, the volume of referrals, the demographics of individuals accessing these services, and their outcomes during treatment. This lack of data hinders our ability to evaluate equitable access, appropriate referrals, and the overall effectiveness of these services throughout the UK.

National Obesity Steering Group 
Professor John Wass (Chair)
Professor Rob Andrews
Dr Adrian Park
Dr Karen Coulman
Sarah LeBroq – patient liaison to Obesity Health Alliance
Danielle Wigg
Dr Ian McKenna
Dr Amanda Peacock
Dr Sadaf Ali
Dr Grigorios Panayiotou
Dr Petra Hanson
Irena Cruickshank
Dr Ahmed Al-Marbeh
Dr Imad Mekhail
Dr Luke Boyle

  • Addenbrooke's Hospital
  • Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Trust
  • Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
  • Barts Health
  • Betsi Cadwaladr
  • Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
  • Your Health Bolton
  • Bristol Royal Hospital for Children/Care of Childhood Obesity team (COCO)
  • Calderdale and Huddersfield NHSFT
  • Cardiff – Community -  Nutrition and Diabetic Service – SE Wales T3 service AND Cardiff LHB
  • Central London Community Health NHS Trust
  • Central London Community Trust
  • Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust
  • City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
  • Countess of Chester Hospital NHS trust
  • County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Derby Hospital
  • Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
  • Gloucester Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  • Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
  • Homerton University Hospital NHS TrustHull and East Yorshire Hospitals NHS Trust
  • Imperial Weight Centre (St Mary's Hospital in London)
  • King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
  • Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust
  • Lewisham and Greenwich NHS trust
  • Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Aintree University Hospital site)
  • Livewell Southwest CIC
  • Luton and Dunstable,
  • Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  • Morriston Hospital
  • Musgrove Park Hospital
  • Aneurin Bevan LHB and SE Wales Network
  • Newcross Hospital
  • Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
  • Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
  • Northumbria Healthcare Trust
  • Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  • Powys
  • Prince Philip Hospital
  • Royal Berkshire NSH Foundation Trust
  • Royal Bournemouth Hospital
  • Royal Cornwall Hospital
  • Royal United Hospital Bath
  • Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
  • Sheffield Teaching Hospital
  • Shrewsbury and Telford NHS trust
  • Southmead Hospital
  • St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
  • Sunderland Royal Hospital
  • The Great Western Hospital
  • Specialised Weight Management Service, South Tees
  • The Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust
  • Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust
  • University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  • University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
  • University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent
  • Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust
  • Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  • Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
  • City and Hackney, East London NHS Foundation Trust

Our primary objective is to establish a study that will compile data from Tier 3 services, focusing on the following key areas:

1. Demographics: Age, sex, socioeconomic status (derived from postcode), ethnicity, marital status and employment status and Job.

2. Weight History: Weight at significant life milestones (birth and leaving school), onset of weight issues, highest and lowest adult weight, weight changes over the past five years.

3. Previous Weight Loss Attempts: History of interventions and weight loss with these.

4. Medical Conditions: List of medical conditions with dates started. Severity of these medical conditions will be assessed using the Kings score and Edmonton score.

5. Medication: Details on dosage and frequency and when started on these drugs.

6. Patient-Reported Outcomes: Quality of life (EQ5D questionnaire) and well-being (BodyQ questionnaire).

7. Clinical Treatments: Interventions received during clinic visits.

8. Clinical Measures: Weight, height, BMI, blood pressure.

9. Relevant Laboratory Results: HbA1c if has diabetes.

The information gathered through this study will serve to enhance productivity in existing services, inform business planning, and support the establishment of new services. It will also provide critical data to ensure equitable access to weight management services nationwide. Furthermore, the study will function as a registry, enabling researchers to apply for access to data that will advance our understanding and treatment of obesity.

Objectives of the CORE study

Our primary objective is to establish a study that will compile data from Tier 3 services, focusing on the following key areas:

1. Demographics: Age, sex, socioeconomic status (derived from postcode), ethnicity, marital status and employment status and Job.

2. Weight History: Weight at significant life milestones (birth and leaving school), onset of weight issues, highest and lowest adult weight, weight changes over the past five years.

3. Previous Weight Loss Attempts: History of interventions and weight loss with these.

4. Medical Conditions: List of medical conditions with dates started. Severity of these medical conditions will be assessed using the Kings score and Edmonton score.

5. Medication: Details on dosage and frequency and when started on these drugs.

6. Patient-Reported Outcomes: Quality of life (EQ5D questionnaire) and well-being (BodyQ questionnaire).

7. Clinical Treatments: Interventions received during clinic visits.

8. Clinical Measures: Weight, height, BMI, blood pressure.

9. Relevant Laboratory Results: HbA1c if has diabetes.

The information gathered through this study will serve to enhance productivity in existing services, inform business planning, and support the establishment of new services. It will also provide critical data to ensure equitable access to weight management services nationwide. Furthermore, the study will function as a registry, enabling researchers to apply for access to data that will advance our understanding and treatment of obesity.

Study Aim:

This study aims to demonstrate proof of concept for our new data collection system involving a network of Tier 3 weight management clinics across England and Wales. Success would be seen in getting 50% of the current tier 3 weight management services (21/42) to capture data on 60% of the patients attending their clinics.

 

Objectives

Outcome Measures

Timepoint(s)

Primary

To demonstrate that our system can be integrated into NHS Tier 3 clinics and collect data on patients attending clinics.

The number of clinics using the system by end of year 2 of the project. Our aim would be to have 50% of tier 3 clinics using this system.

24 months

Secondary

To demonstrate that key outcomes are captured in sufficient quantity to give a fair representation of the people attending the clinics

That the clinics on average are collecting data on 60% of the patients that attend their clinics and on these they have at least 80% data on our key outcomes which are

 

Demographics

Age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, marital status and employment status and Job.

 

Weight history

Birth weight, age weight problem started at, highest and lowest weight. Current weight.

 

Previous Weight Loss Attempts

Previous Bariatric surgery – Y/N – if Y when and Type.

Attempts at commercial diets- Y/N if Y when and Type

Tried weight loss medication – Y/N if Y when and Type

 

Medical and drug history

List of medical problems with date started. List of drugs taking with dose, frequency and start date.

 

Clinical Treatments

Diet and Exercise advice Y/N if yes details and date offered

Low calorie diet Y/N if yes details and date started and finished.

Specific help with eating habits Y/N, If yes details and date (S) delivered

Sessions with psychologis Y/N, If yes details and date (s) delivered.

Weight loss drugs Y/N if yes which type and when started.

Referred for surgery Y/N if yes when.

 

Patient-Reported Outcomes

EQ5D and Body Q

 

Clinical Measures

Weight, height, BMI, blood pressure.

 

 

 

Relevant Laboratory Results: HbA1c if has diabetes.

 

Baseline

 

 

 

 

 

 

Baseline

 

 

 

 

Baseline

 

 

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

 

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

 

 

 

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

Baseline and every 12 months until leaves clinic.

 

Exploratory

Demographic and clinical characteristics of people attending clinics.

All key measures mentioned above

Baseline

To look at changes in weight and well-being over a year and whether this is affected by treatment modality

Changes in Weight and Wellbeing - Weight, BMI, EQ5D and Body Q scores changes over 12 months. Comparison of these changes between different treatment modalities.

Baseline and 12 months.

To explore potential disparities in access to Tier 3 based on demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, socioeconomic status).

Access Disparities:
Assess whether certain demographic groups are underrepresented in Tier 3 and 4 services

Baseline and 12 months.

To explore potential disparities in outcomes from Tier 3 based on demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, socioeconomic status).

Outcome Disparities:
Analyse differences in clinical outcomes across various demographic subgroups

Baseline and 12 months.

 

The diabetes inpatient audit has clearly shown how collecting data on what is happening Nationally and at a local level can help to improve services. We expect a similar thing to happen with this study.

For the first time, we will be able to collect National data on

  1. Which areas are not offering a Tier 3 service and help to apply pressure to ensure that these are set up.
  2. Who works in Tier 3 services and what services they offer to overweight and obese patients. This will enable us to determine whether they are conforming to specification and if not to start to offer support to ensure that they do.
  3. Whether there is equal access to treatment based on sex, age, social class and ethnicity and if not start to work out what we can do to ensure this does happen.
  4. The characteristics of the people attending the 3 services. This data will give an insight as to how unwell this population is and how many people are being referred to these services which will help with planning of services.
  5. How effective these services are and whether this varies from area to area. Centres that are not doing as well as others might be able to learn from centres that are doing well.
  6. Some insight into the “real world” effectiveness of different types of interventions.
  7. The real world evidence from patients about their condition and the management of this condition.

The local data that each centre receives will also be helpful in planning their services and enable them to look at how adaptions to their service affect their outcomes. This will enable them to improve the effectiveness of their service.

Finally, we expect that by building this study we will stimulate research in this population and increase the number of people with obesity who are involved in studies. There is clear evidence that being involved in a clinical study improves health. Results from these studies will in the longer term improve our understanding and treatment of obesity.

October 2024-October 2026

Data is made available to researchers, patient support groups, pharmaceutical or medical device companies, and other health care professionals via the data access request form in line with the data access policy of the Society for Endocrinology.

You can find more information about governance here

This is a multicentre observation study of people attending a tier 3 weight management. Data will be collected from two sources

 

  1. the patient who is attending the weight management clinic – they will enter data into a phone app called Peoplewith (http://peoplewith.co). This will be the primary source of the data.

 

  1. Tier 3 weight management clinic - Healthcare professionals or those with delegated access per site will input data into the clinician portal of the peoplewith app. The data entered will be routine data that is already collected in the clinic.

 

This study will involve no intervention, no additional clinical visits or changes to care, and no change to usual behaviour or routine.

App Registration

New Symptom/Treatment Added

Notifications to Patients

Upon registration there will be a series of mandatory health related data points for the patient to complete

If a patient adds in a new symptom or treatment this will trigger the opportunity to complete a new EQ5D and BodyQ

Patients will be reminded by notification of the mandatory data points if they have not been completed within 2 weeks of registration

Upon registration there will be available health related data points which are not mandatory for the outcomes of the project, however, there is the opportunity for the patients to engage more in their health care by using the entirety of the app.

 

If a patient adds in a new symptom or treatment this will trigger the opportunity to complete a new EQ5D and BodyQ

EQ5D and Body Q questionnaire will be available for the patient to complete

 

 

Patient support groups pertinent to the care of these patients will be highlighted on a separate tab in the app

 

 

 

  • Novo Nordisk has provided funding towards this project via a sponsorship. The project has been developed independently of Novo Nordisk
  • Rhythm Pharmaceuticals has provided funding towards this project via a sponsorship. The project has been developed independently of Rhythm Pharmaceuticals
  • Boehringer Ingelheim has provided funding towards this project via a sponsorship. The project has been developed independently of BI

 

If you would like to get involved please complete the contact form.

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